The Iran Deal: Why Did Oil Prices Not Crash in Response?


by HDFC Bank Market update
Treasury Economics Research

Markets initially rejoiced on the news that an interim deal had been reached between the P 5+1
countries (China, France, Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom and the United States) and Iran on 24th November 2013 in Geneva.

While the deal might not be a perfect one, it is definitely a historic one and step in the right direction.

However, the key point to note is that the deal is “interim” as the agreement is only valid for a period of six (6) months. There need to be further negotiations before a more comprehensive deal can be reached.

Global crude oil prices corrected sharply in response to the deal but appear to have reversed subsequently as investors remain concerned about whether or not the shortterm deal could have a significant effect in increasing overall supply of oil.

What was negotiated?

Under the terms of the deal,

· Iran has committed to halting above 5 % levels of enrichment and neutralizing its
stockpiles of near 20 % uranium. This level of enrichment is more compatible with a
civilian nuclear program rather than a nuclear power program.

· Iran can not use its next generation centrifuges that are used for enriching uranium.

· Iran can not install or / start up new centrifuges and its production of centrifuges will be
limited.

· Iran will halt work at its plutonium reactor and will provide unprecedented transparency
and intrusive monitoring to its nuclear facilities to the international community.

In return, as part of this initial step, Iran will get the following concessions:

· The P5+1 is to provide limited, temporary, targeted, and reversible relief while maintaining
the vast bulk of sanctions, including the oil, finance, and banking sanctions architecture.

· Iran will have access to around USD 420 Crore worth of crude sales from frozen overseas
bank accounts.

· The deal suspends certain sanctions on gold and precious metals, Iran’s auto sector, and
petrochemical exports, potentially providing Iran approximately $ 150 Crore in revenue.

· No new nuclear related sanctions will be imposed for six months; however purchases of
Iranian oil will remain at their currently significantly reduced levels – levels that are 60%
less than two years ago and well below its overall capacity level.

· The EU had banned the European Protection and Indemnity (P&I) Clubs from providing
Iranian oil carriers with insurance and reinsurance. These sanctions effectively ‘stymied’
Iranian exports. However, as part of the deal the EU has decided to temporarily lift this
ban.

Putting the relief package in perspective

The deal is likely to provide only minor respite for Iran. For one, the toughest sanctions continue to
hold to ensure that Iran does not stepup its nuclear program during the negotiation period.

In total, the approximately USD 700 Crore in relief is a fraction of the vast majority of Iran’s foreign
exchange holdings (USD 10,000 Crore) that whitehouse officials have confirmed are likely to remain
inaccessible or frozen by sanctions.

The EU has maintained its ban on crude oil imports from Iran.
The most important thing to note is that in the next six months, Iran’s crude oil sales cannot
increase. Iran has been, effectively, permitted approximately 1 million bpd in oil sales that is
significantly lower than it overall capacity and will likely result in continuing lost sales worth
an additional $4 billion per month. This in turn could mean that there is likely to be a very
limited increase in overall supply of crude oil to the global markets.

Treasury Economics Research HDFC Bank Team

Abheek Barua - Chief economist
Phone number: +91 (0) 1244664327
Email ID: abheek.barua@hdfcbank.com

Shivom Chakravarti - Economist
Phone number: +91 (0) 1244664354
Email ID: shivom.chakravarti@hdfcbank.com

Tanvi Garg - Economist
Phone number: +91 (0) 1244664338
Email ID: tanvi.garg@hdfcbank.com

Rishi Shah - Junior economist
Phone number: +91 (0) 1244664336
Email ID: rishi.shah@hdfcbank.com
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